Collective molecular switching in hybrid superlattices for light-modulated two-dimensional electronics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Molecular switches enable the fabrication of multifunctional devices in which an electrical output can be modulated by external stimuli. The working mechanism of these devices is often hard to prove, since the molecular switching events are only indirectly confirmed through electrical characterization, without real-space visualization. Here, we show how photochromic molecules self-assembled on graphene and MoS 2 generate atomically precise superlattices in which a light-induced structural reorganization enables precise control over local charge carrier density in high-performance devices. By combining different experimental and theoretical approaches, we achieve exquisite control over events taking place from the molecular level to the device scale. Unique device functionalities are demonstrated, including the use of spatially confined light irradiation to define reversible lateral heterojunctions between areas possessing different doping levels. Molecular assembly and light-induced doping are analogous for graphene and MoS 2 , demonstrating the generality of our approach to optically manipulate the electrical output of multi-responsive hybrid devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".