Transmission models for the fish pathogen <i>Ichthyophonus</i>: synthesis of field observations and empirical studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Empirical studies have demonstrated that Ichthyophonus is transmitted among piscivores via consumption of infected prey; however, this unidirectional mode of transmission from small to large fish cannot sustain Ichthyophonus within a population. To circumvent this problem, Ichthyophonus evolved an infective waterborne cell that has been shown to infect both fresh- and saltwater fish. Successful transmission of Ichthyophonus via a waterborne stage is linked to the proximity of infected and susceptible individuals, a condition met when the two groups occupy the same habitat. It is posited that this occurs during annual inshore migrations when herring (Clupea spp.) enter areas occupied by infected demersal predators. A plausible transmission scenario is that during inshore excursions, planktivores are exposed to infective waterborne cells shed by demersal piscivores. Once planktivores are infected, the parasite is recycled when consumed by predators. This model is supported by reports of ichthyophoniasis increasing in herring populations at the time of inshore migration. The possible role of an intermediate host for Ichthyophonus, as well as evidence for a free-living stage in its life cycle, is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".