Calcium transport across the basolateral membrane of isolated Malpighian tubules: a survey of several insect orders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Malpighian tubules play a major role in haemolymph calcium homeostasis in insects by sequestering excess Ca 2+ within the biomineralized granules that often accumulate in the tubule cells and/or lumen. Using the scanning ion‐selective microelectrode technique, measurements of basolateral Ca 2+ transport are determined at several sites along the length of the Malpighian tubules isolated from the eight insects representing seven orders: Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera), Aedes aegypti (Diptera), Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera), Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera), Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera), Periplaneta americana (Blattodea), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera) and Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Hymenoptera). Ca 2+ transport is specific to tubule segments containing Ca‐rich granules in D. melanogaster and A. aegypti , whereas Ca 2+ transport is relatively uniform along the length of whole tubules in the remaining species. Generally, manipulation of second messenger pathways using cAMP and thapsigargin has little effect on rates of basolateral Ca 2+ transport, suggesting that previous effects observed across midtubules of A. domesticus are unique to this species. In addition, the present study is the first to provide measurements of basolateral Ca 2+ across single principal and secondary tubule cells, where Ca 2+ uptake occurs only across principal cells. Estimated times for all tubules to eliminate the entire haemolymph Ca 2+ content in each insect range from 6 min ( D. melanogaster ) to 19 h ( H. halys ) or more, indicating that rates of Ca 2+ uptake by the Malpighian tubules are not always rapid. The results of the present study suggest that the principal cells of the Malpighian tubules contribute to haemolymph calcium homeostasis by sequestering excess Ca 2+ , often within specific tubule segments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".