Development of a Scale to Assess High Schoolers’ Attitudes toward Sustainable Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study aims to develop a scale to assess high school students’ attitudes toward sustainable development. For this purpose, 90 Likert-type scale items pertaining to attitudes were initially developed based on existing literature. Further consultations with experts led to a reduction of the item count to 60, followed by a further reduction to 40 items. The scale was administered to 509 students enrolled in an Anatolian high school, a science high school, and an Anatolian religious vocational high school in Akcaabat. The data gathered were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 statistics package. An item analysis, comprising the item-total correlation test, was performed on the scale, which was followed by a reliability analysis that focused on the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency factor. Furthermore, factor analysis was performed to determine the validity of the scale. The factor analysis led to the development of a two-factor scale composed of a total of 14 items. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency factor of the scale is 0.811. The scale was deemed appropriate for assessing the attitudes of high school students with regards to sustainable development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".