E-GOVERNANCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: A CONSIDERATION OF NEWLY EMERGING CAPACITIES IN A MULTI-LEVEL WORLD
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This article explores the contours of international relations in a more digital and interdependent era. In a context driven less by hierarchical control and coercion and more by empowered networks and engagement, new systems of governance are forming or struggling to emerge, particularly globally and at the level of continents. This paper examines how power has evolved beyond and within national systems and asks how e-governance is contributing to this multi-level order, which levels are empowered, and why. Three sets of inter-related processes intertwined within e-governance's evolution are examined within the context of commerce, security and community and by considering the influence of markets, states and civil society in shaping them. The article concludes with less then a definitive response in terms of future developments but with more of a set of grounded expectations and future research directions in order to better understand the evolution of governance in a world shaped increasingly by transnational activity and technological connectivity. Keywords: Governance, Digital or Electronic Commerce, International Relations, Democracy, Global and Continental Interdependence 1. Introduction The purpose of this article is to explore the fluid contours of international relations in a more digital and interdependent era no longer shaped by the actions and interests of nation-states. In this emerging era driven less by hierarchical control and coercion and more by empowered networks and engagement, new systems of governance are forming or struggling to emerge. The rise of digital or electronic governance (e-governance) denotes a widening scope of new processes of social, economic or political coordination made possible and at times necessary, by the advent of digital technologies and the Internet in particular. E-governance carries important consequences for not only organizations and individuals, but also for the collective governance mechanisms and forums required to sustain the growth of online activities and align them with more traditional behaviours and decision-making venues. The methodology underpinning this article blends conceptual and empirical observation. The intent is to offer a set of informed and forward-looking perspectives, based on an inter-disciplinary literature review and the author's own insights, on the future of governance and international relations in a digital, interdependent and multi-level context. These perspectives can serve as a basis for subsequent debate and empirical testing in order to further our collective understanding. Nonetheless, specific lines of inquiry serve to guide the argumentation. Section two examines how power has evolved both beyond and within national systems and then asks how e-governance is contributing to this multi-level order, which levels are empowered, and why. The third section then probes three sets of inter-related processes intertwined within e-governance's evolution. These are examined within the context of commerce, security and community and by considering the influence of markets, states and civil society in shaping them. Based on this foundation, section four then attempts to generate a more forward-looking sketch of transnational governance trajectories - focusing in particular on the prospects of continental governance emerging as a mediating level between global and national processes. Accordingly, assertions are grounded in the current and ongoing experiences of Europe and North America, two laboratories of multi-level governance offering separate and comparative perspectives. In laying the groundwork for further data collection and empirical testing, the article concludes with less than a definitive response in terms of future developments and more a set of grounded expectations and future research directions in order to better understand the evolution of governance in a world shaped increasingly by transnational activity and technological connectivity. …
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it