E-GOVERNANCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: A CONSIDERATION OF NEWLY EMERGING CAPACITIES IN A MULTI-LEVEL WORLD
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT This article explores the contours of international relations in a more digital and interdependent era. In a context driven less by hierarchical control and coercion and more by empowered networks and engagement, new systems of governance are forming or struggling to emerge, particularly globally and at the level of continents. This paper examines how power has evolved beyond and within national systems and asks how e-governance is contributing to this multi-level order, which levels are empowered, and why. Three sets of inter-related processes intertwined within e-governance's evolution are examined within the context of commerce, security and community and by considering the influence of markets, states and civil society in shaping them. The article concludes with less then a definitive response in terms of future developments but with more of a set of grounded expectations and future research directions in order to better understand the evolution of governance in a world shaped increasingly by transnational activity and technological connectivity. Keywords: Governance, Digital or Electronic Commerce, International Relations, Democracy, Global and Continental Interdependence 1. Introduction The purpose of this article is to explore the fluid contours of international relations in a more digital and interdependent era no longer shaped by the actions and interests of nation-states. In this emerging era driven less by hierarchical control and coercion and more by empowered networks and engagement, new systems of governance are forming or struggling to emerge. The rise of digital or electronic governance (e-governance) denotes a widening scope of new processes of social, economic or political coordination made possible and at times necessary, by the advent of digital technologies and the Internet in particular. E-governance carries important consequences for not only organizations and individuals, but also for the collective governance mechanisms and forums required to sustain the growth of online activities and align them with more traditional behaviours and decision-making venues. The methodology underpinning this article blends conceptual and empirical observation. The intent is to offer a set of informed and forward-looking perspectives, based on an inter-disciplinary literature review and the author's own insights, on the future of governance and international relations in a digital, interdependent and multi-level context. These perspectives can serve as a basis for subsequent debate and empirical testing in order to further our collective understanding. Nonetheless, specific lines of inquiry serve to guide the argumentation. Section two examines how power has evolved both beyond and within national systems and then asks how e-governance is contributing to this multi-level order, which levels are empowered, and why. The third section then probes three sets of inter-related processes intertwined within e-governance's evolution. These are examined within the context of commerce, security and community and by considering the influence of markets, states and civil society in shaping them. Based on this foundation, section four then attempts to generate a more forward-looking sketch of transnational governance trajectories - focusing in particular on the prospects of continental governance emerging as a mediating level between global and national processes. Accordingly, assertions are grounded in the current and ongoing experiences of Europe and North America, two laboratories of multi-level governance offering separate and comparative perspectives. In laying the groundwork for further data collection and empirical testing, the article concludes with less than a definitive response in terms of future developments and more a set of grounded expectations and future research directions in order to better understand the evolution of governance in a world shaped increasingly by transnational activity and technological connectivity. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,037 |
| Communication savante | 0,017 | 0,016 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».