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Record W284077203

How Ontario and Ontario Cities Are Coping with the Cost of energy/Comment l'Ontario et Les Villes De l'Ontario Composent Avec le Cout De L'energie

2007· article· fr· W284077203 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
Harvey Schwartz

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Regional Science · 2007
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCanadian Policy and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGreenhouse gasRenewable energyElectricityEnergy policyConsumption (sociology)Welfare economicsNatural resource economicsPolitical scienceEconomicsEngineeringSociologySocial science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstracts This paper examines two questions: how Ontario and Ontario cities can reduce their energy consumption, and how renewable energy sources can be used to replace fossil fuels. The paper also looks at the policies of the Province of Ontario and the Government of Canada to encourage the use of renewable energy sources. First, the paper discusses how electricity is produced in Ontario and the policies used to reduce greenhouse gases from electricity production. Second, it considers how the demand for energy can be reduced. Third, the programs that are used by the City of Toronto to reduce energy consumption are reviewed. There are also non-governmental programs to reduce energy consumption and to help preserve the environment. Then, the question of how renewable energy resources can be used to reduce energy consumption and the production of greenhouse gases is addressed. The final section provides a summary and offers some conclusions. Resumes >. Cet article explore deux questions : comment Ontario et les villes de l'Ontario peuvent reduire leur consommation d'energie, et comment les sources d'energie renouvetable peuvent etre utilisees afin de remplacer l'energie provenant de sources fossiles. Il y aussi un regard sur les politiques de la province de l'Ontario et du Gouvernement du Canada elaborees dans le but d'encourager l'utilisation de sources d'energie renouvelables. D'abord, on discute de la question comment l'electricite est produit en Ontario et les politiques mises en place pour reduire les emissions de gaz a effet de serre provenant de la production de l'electricite. Puis, on considere comment la demande pour l'energie peut etre reduite. Les programmes de la Ville de Toronto pour reduire la consommation de l'energie sont alors passes en revue, ainsi que des programmes non gouvernementaux pour reduire la consommation de l'energie et proteger l'environnement. La question de l'utilisation des sources d'energie renouvelables pour reduire la consommation d'energie et la production de gaz a effets de serre est abordee. Enfin, quelques conclusions sont presentees. Introduction This paper examines two questions; how Ontario and Ontario cities can reduce their energy consumption, and how renewable energy sources can be used to replace fossil fuels. The paper also looks at the policies of the Province of Ontario and the Government of Canada to encourage the use of renewable energy sources. Reducing energy reduces costs for the province and for Ontario cities. It also has another benefit--the reduction in the volume of greenhouse gases because energy production is overwhelmingly produced with coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power. All of these fuels produce greenhouse gases, air pollution, or toxic waste. Policies that encourage the use of public transportation or the use of multi-person lanes on commuter roads also reduce greenhouse gases because they reduce the consumption of gasoline. First, the paper discusses how electricity is produced in Ontario and the policies used to reduce greenhouse gases from electricity production. Second, it considers how the demand for energy can be reduced. Third, the programs that are used by the City of Toronto to reduce energy consumption are reviewed. There are also non-governmental programs to reduce energy consumption and to help preserve the environment. Then, the question of how renewable energy resources can be used to reduce energy consumption and the production of greenhouse gases is addressed. The final section provides a summary and offers some conclusions. The Problems of Energy Supply and Cost A Brief History of Electricity Production in Ontario The Ontario legislature passed the Power Commission Act to create the Hydro Electric Power Commission in 1906. The principal function of the Commission was to build transmission lines to supply municipalities with power produced by the existing generating companies in Niagara Falls. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesScience and technology studies
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.623
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.006
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.242
Teacher spread0.211 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations5
Published2007
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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