The Nature and Development of Liberal Protestantism in Waterford 1800-42
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines the development of liberal Protestantism in Waterford between 1800\nand 1842. Waterford liberal Protestants had much in common with their British Whig\ncounterparts, but their ideology had been fundamentally altered by the experience of the\nlate eighteenth century. This thesis focuses on the development of liberalism among the\nProtestant political élite at local level, examining in particular the liberal values among a\nsection of Waterford Corporation and Waterford Chamber of Commerce. The\nparliamentary activities of Waterford’s Whig representatives are an important theme, and\nthe peculiarly Irish Whiggism of Sir John Newport, an important parliamentary figure in\nthis period, is examined. The most important and defining feature of Irish liberal\nProtestantism in these years was their support for the removal of political disabilities\naffecting Irish Catholics. There was a strong tradition of support among Waterford\nProtestants for Catholic relief, and this support grew in the early decades of the nineteenth\ncentury, despite the friction caused by the question of ‘securities’. This support endured\ninto the 1820s, and liberal Protestants played an indispensable role in the famous 1826\nelection in County Waterford.\nDespite this, some Waterford liberal Protestants were wary of what they perceived\nas O’Connell’s demagogic strategies for advancing the Catholic question, and felt\nmarginalised when the political impetus passed into Catholic hands after 1828. Few\nsupported the campaign for a repeal of the union in the 1830s, which left them with few\nallies on the Catholic side, save for those Catholics who resisted O’Connell’s call for\nrepeal. This greatly reduced the prospects for a non-confessional approach to politics. The\n1830s was a difficult decade for Irish liberal Protestants, and this thesis examines the\nresponses of Waterford liberal Protestants to challenges posed by Catholic and\npariiamentaiy politics in this decade. Liberal Protestants in Waterford responded to these\nchallenges in a variety of ways, with some maintaining close relations with Irish Catholics\nand others moving into a closer alliance with a revitalised Irish Toryism, and others\nretreated from the political scene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".