Indicators of oxidative stress and plasma antioxidative enzyme activity in patients with different stages of heart failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: During the last decade, considerable interest has been focused on the potential role of enhanced free radical generation in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), which belongs to the large group of oxidative diseases. Aim:In this translational study we addressed the significance of markers of oxidative lipid or protein damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in the development of left ventricle remodeling in chronic heart failure (CHF) following myocardial infarction. We tried to establish a link between oxidative stress markers and the degree of chronic heart failure. Patients and methods: A 120 consecutive patients with varying CHF according to New York Heart Association classification (NYHA) and 69 controls were enrolled in this study. Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein thiol (P-SH) and reactive carbonyl groups (RCD), together with glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined spectrophotometrically and/or by ELISA methods and correlated with echocardiographic indices of remodeling (LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV i LVESV). Results: Patients with severe CHF (NYHA III/IV) exhibited elevated MDA and RCD levels and decreased P-SH groups when compared to asymptomatic patients (NYHA I/II) or controls. Oxidative stress in severe patients was associated with significant fall in plasma GSHPx activity. Regarding remodeling, the main effects, observed in severe disease, were significant correlations between RCD and remodeling indices. Conclusions: Gradual increase in lipid peroxidation an oxidative damage of proteins, together with the down-regulated antioxidant enzymes in severe disease, additionally increased the systemic oxidative stress. This finding plays an important role in the development of remodeling in chronic heart failure, which leads to the further deterioration of left ventricular structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".