The Role of Institutional Entrepreneurs in New Ventures: The Emergence of Women’s Elite Hockey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drawing upon the research in institutional entrepreneurship, and organizational routines, this project examines how entrepreneurs overcome obstacles in gendered industries. Specifically, we examine the case of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) and their efforts to host the Women’s World Hockey Championships (WWHC) as a first step toward women’s hockey being included in the Winter Olympics. Before the WWHC, women’s hockey was not highly organized or thought of as a popular activity due to the hegemonic masculinity inherent in (men’s) hockey. We find that CAHA adjusted two routines (the use of pink in the jersey for the Canadian Women’s team and adjusting the rules from body-checking to body-contact) in an effort to increase positive media attention and audience support for the event. The results of these actions not only led to changing how women’s hockey is played, but also lead to the inclusion of women’s hockey as a winter Olympic event.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".