Stress tolerance in diapausing embryos of Artemia franciscana is dependent on heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Embryos of the crustacean, Artemia franciscana, may undergo oviparous development, forming encysted embryos (cysts) that are released from females and enter diapause, a state of suppressed metabolism and greatly enhanced stress tolerance. Diapause-destined embryos of A. franciscana synthesize three small heat shock proteins (sHsps), p26, ArHsp21 and ArHsp22, as well as artemin, a ferritin homologue, all lacking in embryos that develop directly into nauplii. Of these diapause-specific molecular chaperones, p26 and artemin are important contributors to the extraordinary stress tolerance of A. franciscana cysts, but how their synthesis is regulated is unknown. To address this issue, a cDNA for heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1), shown to encode a protein similar to Hsf1 from other organisms, was cloned from A. franciscana. Hsf1 was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) in nauplii and cysts of A. franciscana. Nauplii lacking Hsf1 died prematurely upon release from females, showing that this transcription factor is essential to the survival of nauplii. Diapause cysts with diminished amounts of Hsf1 were significantly less stress tolerant than cysts containing normal levels of Hsf1. Moreover, cysts deficient in Hsf1 possessed reduced amounts of p26, ArHsp21, ArHsp22 and artemin, revealing dependence on Hsf1 for expression of their genes and maximum stress tolerance. The results demonstrate an important role for Hsf1, likely in concert with other transcription factors, in the survival and growth of A. franciscana and in the developmentally regulated synthesis of proteins responsible for the stress tolerance of diapausing A. franciscana cysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".