An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Based Above-Ground Technique for Determining Coating Condition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to identify damage to asphalt coating on carbon steel pipelines in a soil box filled with water-saturated sand. Four pipe segments with different asphalt coating conditions, i.e., good asphalt coating with two difference sizes of holiday and no holiday, and degraded coating, were used. Significant differences were observed from the EIS data monitored on these four segments. For the segments covered with the good asphalt coating, the impedances measured from the segments with a holiday were consistently smaller than those obtained from the segment without a holiday, and the larger the holiday, the smaller the impedance was. Degraded coating showed very low impedances because of the high porosity and large cracks in the coating. The value of the sand resistance, Rsand, derived from the EIS data showed a dependence on the relative location of the holiday, which indicated that the EIS-based above-ground technique might be able to identify the location of the holiday.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".