A 100-MS/s–5-GS/s, 13–5-bit Nyquist-Rate Reconfigurable Time-Domain ADC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a 65-nm CMOS Nyquist-rate reconfigurable time-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The time-domain nature of the ADC allows for efficient hardware reuse and a wide range of reconfigurability. The ADC employs a reconfigurable time-to-digital converter (TDC) that can be configured as a high-resolution 1-ps correlated double sampling SAR-TDC for the high-resolution modes or as a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> asynchronous time-interleaved flash-TDC for the high sampling rate modes. The Nyquist-rate ADC supports continuous sampling rate variations from 100 MS/s to 5 GS/s providing 13–5-bit resolution with exponential power scaling from 8.4 to 22.3 mW, respectively. A programmable highly linear 1-bit folded voltage-controlled oscillator is employed to provide the appropriate tuning characteristics for different sampling rate modes with high linearity. The ADC linearity is further enhanced using foreground digital calibration achieving figure-of-merit ranging from 14.6 to 196 fJ/conv.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".