Polymer modified paste fill for isolation of waste disposal sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Engineering of waste containment facilities such as solid and hazardous waste landfills and mine waste repositories usually requires the construction of a barrier (liner, cover). The liners are usually needed to minimise the downward flux of contaminants, while the covers generally limit the accessibility of fluid (e.g. rain water) to the waste. The barrier will drastically reduce the potential impact of the waste disposal on the environment (e.g. groundwater, surface water, and ecosystem). In this paper, the results of research on potential use of polymer modified paste fill (PMP) as barrier material for waste containment facilities are presented and discussed. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of PMP mixes with different SAP (super absorbent polymer) contents were investigated at various compaction degrees. Furthermore, the relative cost and the resistance of the PMP materials to environmental stresses (freeze-thaw and wet-drying cycles) were evaluated. Valuable and encouraging results were obtained. The results have shown that possibilities of using PMP as barrier materials appeared very promising owing their good hydraulic performance, relative good resistance to environmental stresses and the reduced cost from the low admixture amount necessary to further improve this performance. The cost of a conventional barrier material made using bentonite (12%) and sand is higher than any of the studied amounts of SAP required to be mixed in the paste fill to achieve the recommended low conductivity. The benefit realised could be estimated to 98, 96 and 90% when using PMP material containing 0.10, 0.20 and 0.5% of SAP polymer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".