Fabrication of nanocrystalline Cd(Zn, S)Se thin films for PV-application: An electrochemical approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design considerations of light-harvesting and energy-converting systems belong to one of the most highlighted fields in modern research. Recently, it has been pointed out that binary semiconducting materials with addition of one/or two or even more suitable elements provide a better prospect through their property engineering resulting in alloyed/multiphase compositions. We are presenting the synthesis and growth of CdSe and Cd1-xZnxSySe1-y (0 ≤ x = y ≤ 0.35) thin film using solution growth technique developed and made optimistic by us. The nature of the growth surface was determined by the contact angle measurements. The EDS analysis confirmed substitution of Cd by Zn and Se by S at high x and y concentrations. The structural determination using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested formation of the polycrystalline films of hexagonal-wurtzite structure. The SEM observations showed a network of rhomboidal flower like crystallites transformed from an aggregated bunch of nano-sized globular grains as a result of addition of Zn and S in to CdSe.The electrode/electrolyte PV-cells were then formed with these films as photoelectrodes and a sulphide/polysulphide as an electrolyte (0.25 M) and investigated through the different electrical and optical characteristics in dark and under illumination. The maximum open-circuit photo voltage of 400 mV and a short circuit photocurrent of 0.166 mA/cm2 were obtained from a cell fabricated with an electrode composition of x = y = 0.075 (I/P illumination intensity is 13.4 mW/cm2). This resulted in the energy conversion efficiency of 3.18% and a fill factor of 64.1% respectively. The enhancement in PV-performance is explained adequately and supported by the changes in the electrode properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".