Isolation and characterization of lignin extracted from corn stalk rind with organic acids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lignin was extracted from corn stalk rind with organic acids based on the concept of biorefinery. The optimum conditions for precipitating lignin from the concentrated spent liquor of the biorefinery process were achieved at pH of 1.68-1.72 by the addition of water. Considerable amount of sugars, uronic acids and proteins were found in the isolated lignin, which had acid-endurable linkages with lignin. The lignin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 13 C Nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl group contents of the lignin were measured to be 0.45 mmol/g and 0.41 mmol/g, respectively. The lignin of corn stalk rind was found to be of guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) lignin. Acetylation and condensation reactions occurred during the biorefinery process. ρ-coumaric acids were found to be esterified with lignin, whereas ferulic acids were mainly linked to lignin by phenolic groups via ether bonds. The weight-average and number-average molecular weight of the lignin were 2830 g/mol and 994 g/mol, respectively.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".