Alcohol dependence and very high risk level of alcohol consumption: a life‐threatening and debilitating disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Women and men with alcohol dependence and very high risk drinking level (VHRDL; defined as drinking >60 or 100 g of ethanol per day, respectively) experience severe health consequences; however, data on the number of these individuals and their health risks are limited. This study estimated (1) the prevalence of VHRDL in 13 European Union (EU) countries among people 15-65 years of age, (2) the risk of disease and injury occurrence associated with VHRDL, (3) the proportion of deaths in nine EU countries attributable to VHRDL and (4) the life expectancy of people in France with VHRDL. Prevalence estimates of VHRDL were based on data obtained from clinical trials and the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. The risk of disease and injury occurrence was estimated using microsimulations. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated using a Levin-based methodology. The estimated prevalence of VHRDL in the 13 EU countries examined was 0.74-0.85 percent, with a disease and injury occurrence risk of 13.5 per 100 people with VHRDL per year. For the nine EU countries examined, VHRDL caused 53.6 percent of all liver cirrhosis, 43.8 percent of all pancreatitis and 41.1 percent of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers (all other PAFs were below 30 percent). Applying these PAFs to French mortality data resulted in a life expectancy of 47-61 years for people with VHRDL-21-35 years less than the general population. These results indicate that the health burdens of VHRDL are potentially large, and interventions targeting VHRDL should be considered when formulating public health policies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".