Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter looks at how the tensions <italic>between</italic> interculturalism and multiculturalism can also run <italic>across</italic> interculturalism and multiculturalism. So while the issue of ‘ad hoc majority precedence’ is central between multiculturalism and interculturalism, at least on the Quebec model, in this chapter it runs across liberal nationalist multiculturalism and parity multiculturalism too. Sociologist Gerard Bouchard argues that interculturalism and multiculturalism are rooted in opposite paradigms. Where interculturalism turns on a ‘duality’ paradigm that endorses a foundational majority culture and ad hoc majority precedence, multiculturalism operates on a diversity paradigm that does not recognise a majority culture and instead places all constituent groups and individuals on an equal footing. The chapter suggests another possible point of differentiation between multiculturalism and Quebecan interculturalism — one that is related to the acceptability of losing the established culture over time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".