Paste deposition over an existing subaqueous slurry deposit of high sulphide content tailings – the Neves Corvo experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neves Corvo is a world-class underground copper-zinc mine located in the south of Portugal. The mine has been in operation since 1988 by Somincor (Sociedade Mineira de Neves-Corvo SA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lundin Mining Corporation from Canada. The pyritic tailings produced have a very high acid generation potential and until 2010 had been placed subaqueously in the Barragem Cerro do Lobo (BCL), a large tailings pond (190 ha) created by a rockfill dam, 42 m high, across a natural water course. That disposal system provided safe and reliable storage of the reactive tailings. However, by 2001 Somincor realised that the remaining subaqueous deposition capacity was limited and that an alternative site or other deposition methods would be required at this site. Following nine years of studies and evaluation of various alternatives Somincor decided to extend the life of the existing facility, by switching in late 2010 to using subaerial paste/thickened tailings deposition over the existing subaqueous slurry deposit. This approach provides the required storage volume for Somincor’s 2005 Life of Mine Plan, and allows maintaining the existing perimeter dam at its current elevation, and facilitates site closure. This paper presents the results of the first two years of operation of the paste production plant and depositional performance of the first two to four metres of paste/thickened tailings over the very loose subaqueous deposit. Routine monitoring data reported includes records of produced paste/thickened tailings densities, yield stress, particle size distribution (PSD), and average specific gravity (SG) of solids. Settlement, deposition beach slopes and piezometric levels in the paste and underlying subaqueous deposit are also routinely monitored. In addition, in 2012 a campaign of Cone Penetration Test Undrained (CPTu) testing and collection of piston samples was carried out to provide in situ strength and permeability data as well as evaluation of the state parameter of the deposited tailings. The 2012 CPTu data is being used for ongoing assessment of the dynamic stability of planned deposition for the next two years. This type of data and a planned special laboratory testing program will be used to calibrate a model of the evolution of the void ratio of the deposit as a function of time and of additional deposition loads. This model will guide the design of the final deposition landform. The environmental component of the deposition monitoring program includes the monitoring of the pH profile of the top one metre of tailings left exposed and allowed to dry as a result of the sequential rotation of tailings discharge.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".