A Reconfigurable Antenna With Beam Steering and Beamwidth Variability for Wireless Communications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reconfigurable antenna (RA) capable of steering its beam into the hemisphere corresponding to θ ∈ {-40°, 0°, 40°}, φ ∈ {0°, 45°, 90°, -45°}, and of changing 3 dB beamwidth, where θ3dB ∈ (40°, 100°), φ ∈ {45°, 90°, -45°} for broadside direction is presented. The RA operating in 5 GHz band consists of a driven patch antenna with a parasitic layer placed above it. The upper surface of the parasitic layer has two pixelated metallic strips, where each strip has four pixels. The pixels connected via p-i-n diode switches enable to change the current distribution on the antenna providing the desired modes of operation. A prototype RA was characterized indicating an average gain of 8 dB. Measured and simulated impedance and radiation patterns agreed well. The proposed RA offers an efficient solution by using less number of switches compared to other RAs. The system level simulations for a 5G orthogonal frequency division multiple access system show that the RA improves capacity/coverage tradeoff significantly, where the RA modes and users are jointly determined to create proper beamwidth and directivity at the access point antennas. For a hotspot scenario, the presented RA provided 29% coverage and 16% capacity gain concurrently.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".