Long-term atorvastatin treatment decreases heart maximal oxygen consumption and its vulnerability to in vitro oxidative stress in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Statins are currently used in prevention of cardiovascular diseases in high-risk populations, and could be considered in primary prevention. However, few studies are available on the long-term effects of low doses of statins, especially on mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism at cardiac level. This study aimed to determine potential effects of a long-term atorvastatin treatment, at low-dose concentration, on the myocardium mitochondrial respiration. Thirty-four Watanabe rabbits were treated or not with atorvastatin (2.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) from the age of 3 to 12 months. Every 3 months, proton leak, basal (V0), and maximal (Vmax) mitochondrial respiration on cardiac permeabilized fibers were measured. Additionally, the vulnerability to ROS, cardiac enzymatic antioxidant defenses, and oxidative damage (lipoperoxidation) were analyzed. Proton leak increased over the duration of the experiment (up to 60% from Vmax at 12 months). Moreover, the statin treatment induced a decrease of Vmax and a decrease of ROS susceptibility of cardiac mitochondria. However, the lipoperoxidation and the antioxidant defenses were not dependent on the presence of statin treatment, or on its duration. This is the first study showing a protective effect of long-term statins treatment against the ROS susceptibility in the cardiac muscle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".