Versatile Monomer Platform for Plant Oil-Based Latex Coatings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Today coatings made from renewable biobased resources are still being over performed by coatings made from petroleum-based sources in the way they act mechanically, thus leaving them less useful from the industrial standpoint.Such properties of films/coatings as toughness or rigidness are accessible for control through regulating their cross-link density.As the curing process continues, the double bonds that do not get polymerized are capable of reforming to link the alkyl groups of monomers together, thus varying the cross-link density of the material.Use of plant-oil-based monomers in this case can be advantageous because the amount of unsaturation of the fatty acid chains in those monomers is generally much higher than that of their petro-based counterparts and can be regulated.Using the developed in our group one-step method of plant oil direct transesterification, a library of acrylic monomers has been recently synthesized [1][2][3][4].Using emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization latexes from new monomers based on plant oils (soybean, linseed, canola, sunflower, high oleic soybean, olive, hydrogenated soybean oil) (POBMs) with remarkably different amount of unsaturation (compositions of fatty acids in oil triglycerides) have been developed.Presence of plant oil-based fragments impacts thermomechanical properties of latex films by decreasing glass transition temperature (thus, providing plasticizing effect) of latex copolymers.The thermomechanical properties of resulting latex nanoparticles depend considerably on the amount of incorporate oil-derived fragments.Biobased ingredient makes latex copolymers more flexible, improves material film forming properties, provides some flexibility and toughness, as compared to the normally rigid polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate).In addition, plant oil-based fragments enhance hydrophobicity of the resulting latex films and can be considered as additives to reduce water sensitivity of the polymer.At this point, stable latexes containing up to 70 wt% of biobased content can be synthesized using the miniemulsion process of copolymerization of POBMs with different vinyl counterparts.Their unsaturation amount can be utilized as a criterion in studying the resulting latex properties, including the effect of variation in monomer feed unsaturation on the crosslink density of latex films and, consequently, on polymer thermal and mechanical properties.It is observed that in oxidatively cured latex films, the crosslink density depends linearly on reaction feed unsaturation.Based on that, the latex network thermomechanical properties can be adjusted by simply combining various plant oil-based monomers at certain ratios ("given" unsaturations) in the reaction feed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".