New mechanism producing axions in the AQN model and how the CAST can discover them
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We advocate the idea that there is a fundamentally new mechanism for the axion production in the Sun, which has never been discussed previously in the literature. This novel mechanism of the axion production is based on the so-called sxion quark nugget (AQN) dark matter model. These axions will be produced in addition to well-studied axions emitted due to the Primakoff effect. The AQN model was originally invented as a natural explanation of the observed ratio ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{dark}}\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\text{visible}}$ when the DM and visible matter densities assume the same order of magnitude values, irrespective to the axion mass ${m}_{a}$ or initial misalignment angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{0}$. This model, without adjustment of any parameters, reproduces reasonably the intensity of the extreme UV (EUV) radiation from the solar corona as a result of the AQN annihilation events with the solar material. This extra energy released in the corona represents a resolution, within the AQN framework, a long-standing puzzle known in the literature as the ``solar corona heating mystery.'' The same annihilation events also produce the relativistic axions. This represents a new mechanism of the axion production and constitutes the main subject of this work. The flux of these axions is unambiguously fixed in this model and expressed in terms of the EUV luminosity from the corona. We also compute the spectral properties of these axions and make a few comments on the potential for the discovery of these solar axions by the upgraded CAST (CERN Axion Solar Axion) experiment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".