Adsorption and Decomposition of Formic Acid on Cobalt(0001)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Formic acid can undergo dehydration or dehydrogenation with variable selectivity over a range of metal catalysts. The selectivity among these reactions depends on the reaction mechanism and reaction conditions pertinent on each surface. This work provides mechanistic insight into the decomposition of formic acid on cobalt at high- and low-temperature regimes. The adsorption and decomposition of formic acid on a Co(0001) single crystal was studied in ultrahigh vacuum by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption. Insight is provided using density functional theory calculations. In the low-temperature regime, formic acid adsorbs molecularly on the surface at 130 K. Partial decomposition produces CO at 140 K, and at 160 K, the decomposition of formic acid into formate, which is a thermodynamic sink, is dominant. Water can be formed at low temperature via bimolecular processes. At high temperature (>400 K), the similar barriers for decomposition of the formate species lead to the concomitant production of CO, CO 2, and H 2 . The correlation between experiment and theory provides a framework for the interpretation of surface species and reaction path operating in different regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".