First record of <i>Grapevine Pinot gris virus</i> infecting <i>Vitis vinifera</i> in the United Kingdom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a member of the genus Trichovirus, and was first identified in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Pinot Gris in Italy in 2012 (Giampetruzzi et al., 4). Since then GPGV has been reported in several European countries as well as Australia, Canada, China, Korea and the USA (Bertazzon et al., 2). In April 2017, a survey of four geographically separated vineyards in the UK was done to investigate the presence of GPGV. A dormant cane was sampled at random from each of the four locations (Pinot Noir clones 119, 336, 792 and 924, reciprocally grafted upon Gravesac, SO4 or 3309 Couderc rootstocks). RNA was extracted from cambial scrapings using a modified CTAB method (Abarshi et al., 1) and tested by RT-PCR using the specific primer pair Pg-Mer-F1 and Pg-Mer-R1 (Beuve et al., 3) targeting the movement protein (MP) gene. One sample, clone 336 grafted upon Gravesac, tested positive for GPGV yielding the expected 770 bp fragment. To confirm the detection of GPGV in the UK, a second RT-PCR was performed using GPGV-specific primers spanning the end of the MP and the beginning of the coat protein gene sequences (Morelli et al., 6). An amplicon of the expected size (588 bp) was obtained. PCR amplicons from both GPGV primer sets were sequenced in both directions and the resulting sequences assembled using Geneious v10.2.6 (Biomatters Ltd., New Zealand). Sequences overlapped by 441 bp and generated a single contig of 917 bp representing a partial sequence of the GPGV isolate from the UK (GenBank Accession No. MG983746). Similarity searches using BLAST showed that this GPGV isolate shares the highest sequence identity at the nucleotide level (99%) with isolate GPGV Mer from France (KM491305). To our knowledge, this is the first report of GPGV in the UK. GPGV has been associated with symptoms of leaf mottling and deformation in grapevine and is transmitted by the eriophyid mite Colomerus vitis (Malagnini et al., 2016) which is present in the UK. Further large-scale studies should be done to determine the prevalence and spread of GPGV in the UK and evaluate the impact of the virus on yield and wine quality. The UK wine industry is a fast-growing sector with production projected to increase from the current 6 million bottles of wine per annum to c. 40 million bottles by 2040. Extensive knowledge is needed about the presence and incidence of viruses in UK vineyards to develop efficient control strategies critical to enable the continued development of the industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".