Contactless pH Measurement Based on High Resolution Enhanced Q Microwave Resonator
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that contactless pH sensing is enabled using high-resolution ultra-high Q microwave sensor. The platform is based on a passive planar resonator, which operates at 2.6 GHz and is reinforced by a positive active feedback circuitry. The positive feedback loop compensates the power loss of the sensor and, as a result, provides an extremely high quality-factor and selectivity enabling noncontact sensing of small complex permittivity variation. Solutions with various pH levels in the range of 1 to 10 have been detected distinctively. The sensor demonstrates a frequency shift of 275 kHz when the pH of the liquid changes from neutral pH (pH=7) to pH=1.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it