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Record W2886285217

The Judicial Admission of Faulty Scientific Expert Evidence Informing Wrongful Convictions

2018· article· en· W2886285217 on OpenAlexaff
Alexandra Cc Derwin

Bibliographic record

VenueScholarship@Western (Western University) · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicMedical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Manitoba
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGatekeepingConvictionTest (biology)Context (archaeology)LawPsychologyScientific evidenceRules of evidenceJudicial opinionExpert witnessExpert opinionPolitical scienceEpistemologyMedicinePhilosophyHistory
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The failure of a judge to properly conduct a voir dire to ensure an expert is sufficiently qualified to give evidence in a particular area may give rise to a wrongful conviction. Considering Recommendation 130 from the Goudge Inquiry, that “trial judges should be vigilant in exercising their gatekeeping role with respect to the admissibility of [expert] evidence”, it is essential to examine recent shortcomings of judicial vigilance in admitting expert evidence and to consider how to remedy similar errors in future cases.\nThe major shortcoming of judicial gatekeepers in admitting expert evidence is the improper application of case law regarding the test in R v Mohan and consideration of the factors in Daubert. Systemic patterns of judicial error are demonstrated through the repeated admission of expert evidence given by Doctors Charles Smith and Gideon Koren. By analyzing the flaws in Dr. Smith’s admitted testimony in the context of the Mohan test, and the misapplication of the Daubert factors to Dr. Koren’s evidence, it is clear that the gatekeeper’s acceptance of unqualified or underqualified expert evidence can be avoided by holding fulsome voire dires and adopting techniques utilized in other jurisdictions to reduce the potential of wrongful convictions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.055
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.275
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.994
Threshold uncertainty score0.289

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0550.275
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0050.002
Science and technology studies0.0060.021
Scholarly communication0.0100.007
Open science0.0030.005
Research integrity0.0150.011
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.279
GPT teacher head0.481
Teacher spread0.202 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2018
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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