Drivers of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Vent and Major Conduits of the World's Largest Freshwater Spring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Wakulla Springs is the largest and deepest freshwater spring on Earth and has exhibited increased chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) inputs (i.e., browning) in recent decades. To examine the drivers of changing dissolved organic matter at the spring vent, we examined dissolved organic carbon concentrations and dissolved organic matter composition via optical parameters (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence) in the major conduits and a connecting spring over the course of 1 year. Sample sites separated clearly based on dissolved organic carbon concentration, CDOM absorbance, and optical parameters indicative of autochthonous (clear groundwater) versus allochthonous (terrestrial) dissolved organic matter. Seasonality was apparent in the allochthonous‐dominated sites with increasing terrestrial contribution particularly with large precipitation events post dry periods. Principle component analysis highlights the ability of optical parameters to show the dominance of sample sites draining from the southwest (i.e., Apalachicola National Forest) as responsible for the CDOM‐rich water at the vent, whereas water draining from the north was comparatively clear. Increasing CDOM‐rich waters at the vent suggests that either input from conduits draining from the southwest has increased, or the relative dilution with clear groundwater has decreased in the conduit system prior to discharge from the vent. Sea level rise impacts in the region have been suggested to result in more blackwaters delivered to the vent, and ongoing extraction of clear groundwater reduces the dilution capacity on CDOM‐rich waters. Thus, anthropogenic impacts in the region need to be addressed if the trend of increased CDOM inputs at Wakulla Springs is to be reversed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".