Effect of alkaline‐earth metals on synthesis of isobutyraldehyde from methanol and ethanol over Cu‐MeO<sub>x</sub>/Ti‐SBA‐15 catalysts (Me = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cu‐MeO/Ti‐SBA‐15 catalysts (Me = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) were used for isobutyraldehyde (IBA) synthesis from methanol and ethanol and characterized by various techniques including XRD, N 2 sorption, CO 2 ‐TPD, XPS, etc. Doping different alkaline‐earth meals (Me = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) to Cu/Ti‐SBA‐15 can significantly affect catalytic performance in IBA synthesis. Based on characterizations, different alkaline‐earth metal doping significantly affects the amount of basic sites and the basic strength of the catalyst surface and their interaction with active Cu and other components. Therefore, the higher activity of the catalyst is closely related to larger amounts of basic sites, stronger basicity, and stronger interaction between Cu and MeO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".