A 1.5-pJ/bit, 9.04-Mbit/s Carrier-Width Demodulator for Data Transmission Over an Inductive Link Supporting Power and Data Transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief relates to a novel approach for downlink data transmission based on a carrier-width modulation (CWM). This modulation technique offers high performances and allows simultaneous data and power transmission over a single 27.12-MHz inductive link. A CWM demodulator is designed and fabricated in 130-nm CMOS technology. The proposed demodulator is intended for implantable medical devices, but can be applicable to other wireless systems. Excellent measurement results are obtained in comparison with state-of-the-art demodulators used in inductive communication systems. The proposed demodulator that was designed, fabricated, and tested provides high data rates at an ultra-low power budget and a very small silicon area of 2100 μm2. More specifically, a data rate of 9.04 Mb/s can be achieved at a cost of only 13.68 μW power consumption. This represents an energy efficiency of 1.5 pJ/bit, which is 8 times smaller than the best state-of-the-art competitive demodulator.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".