Performance Analysis of Wireless-Powered Relaying with Ambient Backscattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the increasing use of smart objects, such as wearable health gadgets, household automation devices, and personal electronics, there is a growing demand for a globally interconnected information network, known as the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is featured with low-power communications among a massive number of ubiquitously-deployed and energy-constrained electronics, like sensors and actuators. In this context, wireless-powered cooperative relaying emerges as a promising solution to extend coverage and solve energy scarcity problems for IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid relay by combining wireless-powered communications and ambient backscattering functions for improved applicability and performance. To well adapt the hybrid relay to the network environments, we design a mode selection protocol to coordinate between the two functions. Moreover, we analyze the successful transmission probability of a dual-hop relaying system with the hybrid relay. Through numerical results, we demonstrate the performance gain of the hybrid relay and the impact of the system parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".