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Record W2886996608 · doi:10.5539/mas.v12n9p1

The Thermal Encroachment of Microwave Heating with Nano Ferro Fluids Injection on Heavy Oil Deposits

2018· article· en· W2886996608 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueModern Applied Science · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicEnhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersKementerian Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral
KeywordsMicrowaveViscosityNano-Materials scienceThermalNanofluidPour pointEnvironmental sciencePetroleum engineeringComposite materialGeologyChemical engineeringThermodynamicsNanotechnologyNanoparticle

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Heavy oil demands more energy for its lifting to the surface facilities. A critical parameter that can be altered to enhance the production from the reservoir is the viscosity. Lowering oil viscosity predominantly achieved by thermal methods. This study investigated thermal encroachment in the sand pack layers as simulated heavy oil reservoir was generated by the microwave stack heated mixtures of 22 0API of Indonesian heavy crude, nano-ferrofluidFe2O3 and saturated brines. The wave guide was used to focus microwave radiation into the sand bed. The experimental results showed thatmicrowaveheatingwith maximum output power of 900 Watt and Fe2O3 as the nano particles, works at the frequency of 2.45 GHz reduces oil viscosity from 4,412.11 cP on its pour point at 51 0C to 134.24 cP at 90 0C. Thermal heating with nano ferro fluidsdecreased the viscosityof heavyoiland make it easierto beflowed. Theincreasesoftemperature are directly proportionalwithpoweroutput and nano-ferroconcentration.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.210
Threshold uncertainty score0.388

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.216
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it