Site Response in a Layered Liquefiable Deposit: Evaluation of Different Numerical Tools and Methodologies with Centrifuge Experimental Results
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results of a centrifuge experiment simulating seismic site response in a layered level liquefiable soil profile are used to evaluate and systematically compare the predictive capabilities of two common numerical platforms and two classes of advanced soil constitutive models (multiyield and bounding surface) used by three different teams. The pressure-dependent multiyield (PDMY02) and simple anisotropic SAND (SANISAND) constitutive models, implemented in open source and commercially available software, were independently calibrated by three teams using the same set of monotonic and cyclic triaxial test results. Class C predictions of the elastoplastic soil response in centrifuge following verification and initial calibration showed excessive dilative tendencies in all constitutive models to different degrees. These tendencies led to a notable overestimation of acceleration spikes at higher frequencies and an underestimation of net excess pore pressures in dense sand. The second calibration phase focused primarily on reducing soil’s dilative tendencies to match centrifuge tests, even at the cost of slightly sacrificing aspects of the response at an element level or abandoning the number of cycles to liquefaction. Despite differences in calibration methodologies and priorities among three modelers, the results show that small element tests and centrifuge experiments do not always lead to the same calibrated soil parameters. Further, although current numerical platforms and advanced constitutive models were capable of reproducing many aspects of seismic site response observed in the centrifuge, they still need fundamental improvements to capture volumetric settlements. This is an old problem that needs attention in future numerical and physical model studies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it