Bibliographic record
Abstract
Domestically, South Africa's uncertain regulatory framework, limited infrastructure, high labour, energy and freight costs, have all put pressure on the margins of the country's fluorspar miners, at a time when prices for the mineral are at their lowest point since 2010. Many are struggling to compete in international markets, particularly given the emergence of low cost suppliers, principally from China, which are offering acidspar (97% CaF[subscript]2 ) material at close to $200/tonne, compared to more than $250/tonne on an FOB Durban basis. Out of the country's three fluorspar mines - Vergenoeg, owned by Spain's Grupo Minersa; Rooiberg Stone, formerly the Buffalo fluorspar mine, but which now produces aggregates for roads; and Witkop, owned by Vanoil Energy Ltd, another Canadian group - only Vergenoeg has been able to sustain production since 2012. While sluggish growth in the fluorspar industry forced the closure of Solvay SA's Okorusu mine in Namibia and the suspension of processing operations at Kenya Fluorspar Co.'s Keroio Valley plant in Kenya last year, South Africa is likely to be the only acidspar producer in Africa for the foreseeable future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".