Bibliographic record
Abstract
Un des développements les plus importants dans le judaïsme américain duxxesiècle est la montée du judaïsme conservateur, une interprétation américaine distincte du judaïsme rabbinique. Le processus par lequel le judaïsme conservateur a émergé dans le judaïsme américain comme un mouvement clairement distinct de l’orthodoxie — qui lui-même émerge du judaïsme traditionnel des immigrants juifs — date essentiellement de la période 1920-1950. Le présent article est une étude de l’un des incidents marquants de cette émergence : le cas du rabbin Salomon Goldman et du Jewish Center [JC] de Cleveland, Ohio. Le rabbin Goldman a été l’instigateur des changements rituels et architecturaux dans sa congrégation qui sont devenus synonymes du judaïsme conservateur mais ces changements étaient contestés par des éléments traditionalistes au sein de la synagogue. L’affaire a été devant les tribunaux et a fait sensation aux États-Unis. Cet article se fonde sur des documents d’archives récemment découverts. Il contribue à une compréhension plus nuancée de l’émergence du judaïsme conservateur de l’orthodoxie au début duxxesiècle.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".