Dynamic Rock Failures Due to "High" Stress at Shallow Depths
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High stresses are expected in deep mines, and it is perhaps unusual for rock failure due to high stresses to be observed in shallow mining. In this paper, stress-induced failures of competent rock are described in three shallow mining situations. Two of the rock failures occurred with considerable violence, both involving significant strain bursting seismicity. Rock failures in the third case often occurred with some violence and were preceded by audible noises. The first situation is failure of very competent granite in a dimension stone quarry, in which the depth of the “vertical cut slope” was about 3 m. The second situation is failure of the roof in a coal mine at a depth of about 50 m below surface. The third situation is also failure of the roof in a coal mine, but at a depth of about 25 m below surface. None of these failures can be explained using commonly-used rock strength criteria.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it