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Record W2887487068 · doi:10.29173/alr1322

Trade and the Environment: Competition, Cooperation or Confusion

2003· article· en· W2887487068 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Donald McRae

Bibliographic record

VenueAlberta Law Review · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicWorld Trade Organization Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsScrutinyInternational tradeAssertionCriticismCompetition (biology)Environmental lawTrade barrierConfusionSustainabilityLaw and economicsInternational trade lawEconomicsPolitical scienceBusinessLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The intersection of international trade law and environmental sustainability has been subject to much scrutiny, both in the media and in internationally constituted bodies. Views on the impact of trade on the environment range from one of mutual benefit to an assertion of real threat. The author assesses the bases upon which criticism of the WTO is commonly levelled, and provides a reasoned analysis of the nature of the trade and environment debate. In addressing this question, the author examines the purview of the WTO pertaining to trade law, and delineates to what extent environmental protection encroaches upon international trade obligations. To this end, the author considers the means by which conflicts between trade and the environment have been reconciled, and draws attention to issues that obstruct resolution. Lastly, concerns central to the trade and environmental regulatory schemes themselves are raised. The author concludes that the long term viability of international trade equally benefiting the developed and developing world is dependent upon corresponding environmental regulation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.998
Threshold uncertainty score0.996

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.240 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2003
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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