Reversible Supramolecular Assembly of Velvet Worm Adhesive Fibers via Electrostatic Interactions of Charged Phosphoproteins
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Velvet worms secrete a fluid hunting slime comprised of a dispersion of nanoglobules that form microfibers under small mechanical shear forces, facilitating the rapid formation of stiff biopolymeric fibers. Here, we demonstrate that the nanoglobules are held together and stabilized as a dispersion by electrostatic interactions reminiscent of coacervate-based natural adhesives. Variation of ionic strength and pH affects the stability of nanoglobules and their ability to form fibers. Fibers mainly consist of large (∼300 kDa), highly charged proteins, and current biochemical analysis reveals a high degree of protein phosphorylation and presence of divalent cations. Taken together, we surmise that polyampholytic protein sequences, phosphorylated sites, and ions give rise to transient ionic cross-linking, enabling reversible curing of ejected slime into high-stiffness fibers following dehydration. These results provide a deeper understanding of velvet worm adhesive fibers, which may stimulate new routes toward mechanoresponsive and sustainable materials.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it