Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem affecting 3-5 million people in the United States and over 100 million worldwide. Chronic HCV infection, which can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, also results in numerous other complications, including impairment of renal function. Because HCV is most often transmitted via parenteral exposure to blood or blood products, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with hemodialysis are at particular risk for infection. Historically, the medications available to treat HCV infection in these patients had significant side effects and were not particularly effective in generating a sustained virologic response. Since 2011, a number of direct-acting antiviral therapies have emerged that can lead to virological cure in the vast majority of patients, with low pill burden and few side effects. Here, we describe the biology and pathophysiology of HCV infection, and summarize current information on new therapies, with a particular focus on their application in patients with chronic kidney disease including ESRD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".