Composition Dependence of Ethanol Oxidation at Ruthenium-Tin Oxide/Carbon Supported Platinum Catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pt nanoparticle catalysts supported on carbon black coated with mixtures of Ru and Sn oxides (Pt/Ru-Sn oxide/C) have been screened for their activity and stoichiometry for ethanol oxidation. The compositions, loadings, and properties of the mixed Ru + Sn oxide support layers were varied by changing the concentration of base used during their deposition. Cyclic voltammetry at ambient temperature showed that Ru oxide alone provided a significant increase in activity at low potentials over Pt/C, while a small amount of Sn provided a large additional benefit. The most active catalyst had Ru and Sn loadings of 17% and 1.2% by mass, respectively. This was also the most active catalyst for ethanol oxidation at 80°C in proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells, where it provided four times more current than a commercial Pt/C catalyst at 0.25 V vs. a hydrogen evolving cathode. This is comparable to the performance of commercial PtRu/C, and the Pt/Ru-Sn oxide/C catalyst was more selective for the complete oxidation of ethanol to CO2. Thus, in direct ethanol fuel cells, Pt/Ru-Sn oxide/C catalysts would provide greatly increased current and power densities over Pt/C, and improved efficiencies over PtRu/C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".