Experimental Study of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System for Medium Temperature Solar Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental study of multitube latent heat energy thermal storage system (LHTES) for medium temperature solar applications is presented in this paper. Charging and discharging of commercial grade PCM (A164), which is stored in annulus of the shell and tube type LHTES, is performed by flowing HTF (Hytherm 600) through seven inner tubes. Process of heat transfer between HTF and PCM is observed by obtaining temperature contours with the help of interpolation technique. The impact of parameters, such as HTF inlet temperature and mass flow rate of HTF on the thermal efficiency of LHTES is investigated during charging and discharging. Maximum efficiency of 41.3% is found at the highest HTF inlet temperature (200 C) considered in this study. The performance is found to increase with increasing mass flow rate and maximum efficiency of 33% is found at the mass flow rate of 0.1 kg/s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".