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Record W2888040671 · doi:10.5430/ijfr.v9n4p19

Reporting of Real Option Value Related to ESG: Including Complementary Systems for Disclosure Incentives

2018· article· en· W2888040671 on OpenAlex
Nobuhito Ochi

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Financial Research · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicIntellectual Capital and Performance Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIncentiveMateriality (auditing)ReputationExternalityBusinessStakeholderValue (mathematics)LegitimacyAccountingAccountabilityMediationEnterprise valueMarketingIndustrial organizationEconomicsMicroeconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper aims to consider ways of granting disclosure incentives in order for the Signaling Theory to develop and encompass the Legitimacy Theory. First, the author discusses that ESG strategies for managing stakeholder externalities create real option value that leads to corporate value creation, both as business opportunities as well as appeals to a company’s legitimacy. At the same time as making real option thinking useful for strategic decision-making by management, it is necessary to structure non-financial information disclosure for convincing optionality related to controlling externalities from the viewpoint of investors.Second, at the stage where conditions are not met for companies able to autonomously undertake management with a view to externalities, the author discusses how supplementing incentives for issuing signals regarding differentiation from other companies in the same industry relating to controlling externalities is required in the disclosure of non-financial information in statutory reporting systems. On the other hand, since the materiality of financial reporting is centered on risks and opportunities for business, disclosure regulations are required separately for material social values. Events not originally related to corporate value can create incentive for the fulfillment of accountability of companies by the mediation of “negative intangibles” through reputation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.548
Threshold uncertainty score0.393

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.123
GPT teacher head0.419
Teacher spread0.296 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it