Experimental analysis of a photoreactor packed <scp>w</scp>ith Pd‐BiVO<sub>4</sub>‐Coated glass beads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A photoreactor packed with glass beads coated by palladium nanoparticles‐modified BiVO 4 was tested and analyzed in phenol degradation under UV–Visible light. The photocatalytic activity of Pd‐BiVO 4 under visible light is higher than TiO 2 under UV light, as we previously reported. In this work, we try to use the Pd‐BiVO 4 in a large scale by coating the glass beads with it, a potentially industrial‐scale use. For comparison, a flat‐plate reactor and a slurry reactor were also examined. The photocatalytic activity of Pd‐BiVO 4 in phenol degradation was found to be higher than that of TiO 2 in all systems (slurry, flat‐plate, and packed beads reactor [PBR]). Furthermore, PBR exhibited higher energy efficiency compared to the flat‐plate reactor in phenol oxidation. The superior performance of this reactor is due primarily to the highly exposed catalyst surface area, high mass transfer coefficient, and effective delivery of both photons and reactants to the catalyst surfaces. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 65: 132–139, 2019
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".