Cooperative UAV Cluster-Assisted Terrestrial Cellular Networks for Ubiquitous Coverage
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), featured by flexible configuration, robust deployment, and line-of-sight links, has a great potential to provide ubiquitous wireless coverage and high-speed transmission. In this paper, we aim to analyze the coverage performance of UAV-assisted terrestrial cellular networks, where partially energy-harvesting-powered caching UAVs are randomly deployed in the 3-D space with a minimum and maximum altitude, i.e., H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> . A novel cooperative UAV clustering scheme is proposed to offload ground mobile terminals (GMTs) from ground cellular base stations to cooperative UAV clusters. A cooperative UAV cluster is developed within a cylinder with projection centered on a GMT, based on their energy states, the cached contents, and the cell loads. With tractable Poisson point process and Gamma approximation, explicit expressions for the successful transmission probabilities are obtained. A theoretical analysis reveals that the cooperative probability of a UAV and the offloading probability of a GMT have bell-shaped relation with respect to the radius of the cylinder and the cache hit probability (the matching probability of a content request and content cache). Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the impacts of the system parameters on the cooperative UAV cluster. The results also give the optimal average altitude (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> + H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> /2) and altitude difference (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> -H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> ) in maximizing the coverage performance with the proposed cooperative transmission scheme.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it