Heating demand and economic feasibility analysis for year-round vegetable production in Canadian Prairies greenhouses
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production in Canadian Prairies is important for creating a sustainable regional food economy, especially in northern communities. This study included the estimation of heating demand for year-round production and evaluation of the economic feasibility of greenhouse vegetable production (tomato, cucumber, and pepper) in a conceptually designed greenhouse (0.6 ha) located in remote northern communities in Saskatchewan, Canada. The heating simulation was based on a greenhouse heating simulation model (GREENHEAT) developed by the authors recently. The simulation results showed that the annual heating requirement for the production of tomato, cucumber, and pepper are 1486 MJ m−2, 1657 MJ m−2, and 1754 MJ m−2, respectively. The economic analysis indicates the net return (NR) from the production of tomato, cucumber, and pepper, are C$69.2/m2 (in Canadian dollar, CAD), C$41.5/m2, and C$43.8/m2, respectively, based on the market price C$3.5/kg, C$2.7/kg, and C$8.0/kg, and yields of 55.0 kg m−2, 65.0 kg m−2, and 23.0 kg m−2. The net present value (NPV) for the tomato, cucumber, and pepper production are C$1.9 M, C$1.2 M, and C$1.1 M, respectively, and the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) are 1.38, 1.21, and 1.21. The economic feasibility analysis indicates the year-round production of vegetables in a greenhouse at remote northern Saskatchewan would be economically profitable. Keywords: Northern latitudes, Heating requirement, Economic analysis, Sensitivity analysis, Year-round production
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it