Load model for designing flexible steel barriers for debris flow mitigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light-weight flexible steel net barriers catch coarse debris, but let some of the fine material and water pass through the net. They are difficult to design so that they can withstand the impact pressures of both boulder-laden granular and water-saturated debris flows. Using results from laboratory and full-scale field tests, a debris flow load model has been developed for flexible barriers in torrent channels. The model accounts for the forces of initial impact as well as the filling process discretized stepwise over time (barriers in the field and laboratory fill continuously). Laboratory tests with fast debris flow front velocities revealed a run-up behaviour that was not observed in the field (“pile-up”). The load model divides the flow forces into a hydrostatic component and a dynamic part depending on a pressure coefficient, the flow velocity, and the density of the flow. This dynamic part, which is more complex to quantify, accounts for the wide-ranging debris flow characteristics from watery and muddy debris floods to granular friction-dominated mass flows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".