The scaling effect on rock behaviour by comparing compressional wave velocities measured in the lab and field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. A careful comparison of rock behaviour at different scales is essential to determine if laboratory experiments can be useful for understanding the field scale. This research aims to investigate the scaling effect on rock behaviour by comparing P-wave velocities passing through rock at different scales in field and laboratory experiments. Field P-wave velocity was measured at specific ray paths in a fairly homogenous pegmatitic zone located at the third experimental hole ONK-EH3 of the POSE tunnel at OLKILUOTO site, Finland. Three true-triaxial experiments were carried out on pegmatite samples taken from the POSE niche to duplicate the stress path that was believed to exist at the most critical region around the ONK-EH3. Ultrasonic surveys were carried out during these experiments. Initially, reproducibility of the true-triaxial experiments was investigated and a good match was observed among the three samples. The evolution of the stress tensor around the ONK-EH3 was calculated and used in an ellipsoidal model to estimate P-wave velocities for all the points located on the ray paths in the field. Calculated field P-wave velocities along the ray paths were in reasonable agreement with those measured in the field. A linear trend was observed between absolute error per unit length of a ray path and it's average distance to the highest stress zone. This study corroborates the stress path dependency of rock behavior at different scales and the usefulness of the true-triaxial experiments in this regards.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".