Encuentros y desencuentros entre salud comunitaria y sistema sanitario español. Informe SESPAS 2018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A través de un recorrido histórico por la relación del Sistema Nacional de Salud español y la Salud Comunitaria, se describen las diferentes etapas de auge o declive de la Atención Primaria -y en concreto de su orientación comunitaria-, los acercamientos y distanciamientos en su relación con la Salud Pública y la influencia de las ideologías políticas dominantes. Considerando la salud comunitaria como parte esencial de la Atención Primaria, y de acuerdo con la estrategia de Alma Ata y los principios de la Carta de Ottawa, se defiende una reorientación comunitaria de los servicios de salud y se propone retomar la Atención Primaria como eje estratégico del Sistema Nacional de Salud, dada su capacidad para un abordaje integral de los procesos salud-enfermedad, sus posibilidades de reducir desigualdades y enfrentar determinantes sociales, así como de superar inequidades en salud, con la participación de la población y en coordinación con otros sectores. Los desafíos del futuro inmediato, así como las consecuencias de la crisis económica y de los recortes y debilitamiento del Estado de Bienestar, hacen evidente la necesidad de promover procesos participativos que impliquen al conjunto de actores sociales y, sobre todo, a la ciudadanía, considerada no como destinataria y’usuaria’ o consumidora, sino como sujeto activo y colaborativo. Se señala la imperiosa necesidad de incorporar procesos participativos dirigidos a crear una nueva cultura colectiva respecto a la sostenibilidad y universalidad de los recursos públicos de salud existentes. In this article, we describe the different stages of the rise and decline of Primary Health Care and, in particular, its community approach; we do so by providing a historical journey of the relationship between the Spanish National Health System and community health, outlining the connections and disconnections with Public Health as well as the influence of dominant political ideologies. We defend a community reorientation of health services, considering community health as an essential part of Primary Health Care, and in accordance with the Alma Ata strategy and the principles of the Ottawa Charter. The Primary Health System is taken up as the strategic axis of the National Health System, given its capacity for an integral approach to health-disease processes, and the possibility it poses for reducing inequalities and confronting social determinants as well as overcoming inequities in health, with the participation of the population and in coordination with other sectors. The challenges of the immediate future, as well as the consequences of the economic crisis, the cuts, and the weakening of the Welfare State, make evident the need to promote participatory processes that involve all the social actors and, above all, the citizenship -considered not as a recipient and’user’ or consumer, but as an active and collaborative subject. These participatory processes aim at creating a new collective culture regarding the sustainability and universality of existing public health resources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".