Effectiveness of fixed-dose combination therapy in hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical studies have revealed that fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of drugs can have a better effect on blood pressure than free-equivalent combinations (FECs). Our objectives were to perform an up-to-date assessment of the effectiveness of FDCs and FECs in antihypertensive therapy, to provide more accurate results by using a stratified meta-analysis. Material and methods: A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases according to PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes were adherence (compliance), persistence to medication, reduction of blood pressure and the safety profile. We used the Newcastle Ottawa scale or the Delphi list for the assessment of the quality of cohort studies or clinical trials, respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I 2 statistic. Results: Of 301 abstracts screened, 26 primary studies and 2 other metaanalyses were identified, of which 12 studies were included in the metaanalyses and 3 studies were included in the narrative review. The FDC treatment is associated with a significant improvement in adherence and persistence in comparison with FEC treatment, e.g., the average medicine possession ratio increased with FDC by 13.1% (p < 0.001). For endpoints correlated with higher adherence (e.g., a reduction in blood pressure), a nonsignificant benefit was observed for FDCs. Moreover, it was demonstrated that higher adherence can lead to a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: In comparison with FECs, the FDC treatment is associated with a significant improvement in the cooperation between a doctor and a patient and with increased patients' adherence to the treatment schedule.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it