Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Electric Ships with AC Power Bus - A Case Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All-electric ships can provide a significant reduction in fuel consumption, maintenance, and emission as well as improved reliability and responsiveness. Today many electrified ships operate on an AC power bus. Due to the complexity of the system, effective modeling and simulation tools are essential for the design, analysis, optimization and evaluation of the hybrid electric propulsion system. This paper discusses a dynamic model of shipboard AC hybrid power system, which is composed of seven major components: three diesel-generator sets, a battery Energy Storage System (ESS), an AC power sources synchronizer and a bi-directional DC/AC power converter, using a ferry ship as the modeling platform. The power converter is modeled as a nonlinear dynamic average-value model to suit system-level studies. Each of component models is parameterized using data sheet provided information from the manufacturers. A rule-based supervisory controller is proposed to coordinate power sharing among diesel-generator sets and the ESS. Using the acquired load profile of the ferry, simulation results obtained using the introduced modeling tool present power sharing solutions among four power sources in four operation modes with voltage and frequency stabilization of the system AC bus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".